Xanthium strumarium

Xanthium strumarium
Xanthium strumarium

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Asterales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Xanthium
Species: Xanthium strumarium

Name

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Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753).

Synonyms

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  • Heterotypic
    • Xanthium macrocarpum DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 356 (1815).
    • Xanthium brasilicum Vell., Fl. Flumin. 10: t. 23 (1831).
      • Xanthium strumarium var. brasilicum (Vell.) Baker in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 6(3): 147 (1884).
      • Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum (Vell.) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90 (1988).
    • Xanthium indicum J.Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 601 (1832).
    • Xanthium inaequilaterum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836).
      • Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 68 (1856).
      • Xanthium strumarium var. inaequilaterum (DC.) C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind.: 133 (1876).
    • Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 230 (1842).
    • Xanthium antiquorum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 229 (1842).
    • Xanthium arenarium Lasch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 411 (1856).
    • Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 32 (1923).
      • Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter, Willdenowia 33: 249 (2003).
    • Xanthium japonicum Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 31 (1923).
    • Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 36 (1923).
    • Xanthium pungens var. globuliforme C.Shull, Bot. Gaz. 83: 385 (1927).
    • Xanthium mongolicum Kitag., Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 4: 97 (1936).
    • Xanthium natalense Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 274 (1937).
    • Xanthium sibiricum var. jingyuanense H.G.Hou & Y.T.Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 249 (2000).

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Northern Europe
      • Great Britain, Ireland.
    • Regional: Middle Europe
      • Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia.
    • Regional: Macaronesia
      • Azores, Madeira.
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Russian Far East
      • Primorye.
    • Regional: Middle Asia
      • Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
    • Regional: China
      • China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
    • Regional: Mongolia
      • Mongolia.
    • Regional: Eastern Asia
      • Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • East Himalaya, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya.
    • Regional: Indo-China
      • Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand.
    • Regional: Malesia
      • Lesser Sunda Islands.
    • Regional: Papuasia
      • New Guinea.
  • Continental: Pacific
    • Regional: South-Central Pacific
      • Marquesas.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Vernacular names

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башҡортса: Тилермән
català: Llepassa
čeština: Řepeň durkoman
Deutsch: Gewöhnliche Spitzklette
English: rough cockleburr
فارسی: توق
suomi: Karheasappiruoho
français: Lampourde d'Orient
עברית: לכיד הנחלים
日本語: オナモミ
한국어: 도꼬마리
മലയാളം: അരിഷ്ട
Nederlands: Late stekelnoot
polski: Rzepień pospolity
русский: Дурнишник обыкновенный
தமிழ்: மருளூமத்தை
Türkçe: Büyük pıtrak
українська: Нетреба звичайна
Tiếng Việt: Ké đầu ngựa
中文: 苍耳
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